Over the radio, this would be said as “Mike, tree, four, fife, November.” Consider an aircraft tail number such as M345N. Those include the number three, pronounced as tree (tri), five as fife and nine as niner. Therefore, a few of them are pronounced differently from their standard English pronunciation. Similar to the letters, the aim is to avoid confusion with other similar numbers. Not only are the letters in the ICAO phonetic alphabet assigned, but so are the numbers. The phonetic alphabet helps limit confusion between the cockpit and the tower. Because some letters sound similar (M and N or G and J), it can generate confusion between two people communicating with different accents or when the communication lines are poor. With short and simple words, ICAO’s phonetic alphabet lowers the chance of misunderstandings and increases operational safety for passengers and crew. The ICAO phonetic alphabet has assigned the 26 code words to the 26 letters of the English alphabet in alphabetical order: Alfa, Bravo, Charlie, Delta, Echo, Foxtrot, Golf, Hotel, India, Juliett, Kilo, Lima, Mike, November, Oscar, Papa, Quebec, Romeo, Sierra, Tango, Uniform, Victor, Whiskey, X-ray, Yankee, Zulu. Members of the military, police, airline pilots and others working in the aviation and travel industry commonly use it. Also referred to as the ICAO Phonetic Alphabet and the NATO Alphabet (with some modifications), this universal spelling alphabet is a set of words used to clarify messages, no matter the spoken language. ICAO developed the International Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet to ease communication via telephone or radio and avoid misunderstandings when parts of a message containing letters and numbers are spelled out. When a pilot communicates with air traffic control, static and other interferences often lead to confusion with English language letters.
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