![]() Leaves samples were taken after 15 days from transplanting and were transferred to the laboratory in paper bags for inspection. absoluta larvae on leaves of the different six tomato cultivars, especially during the peak of the tested insect. To calculate the infestation percentage with T. ![]() The leaves samples of the tested tomato cultivars were collected when the tomato leafminer incidence level was at peak for biochemical and molecular diagnoses. All agronomic practices as fertilization and irrigation were carried out according to Agricultural Ministry recommendations for each plot area (150 m 2). These cultivars namely tomato- 86, tomato- Alissa, tomato- Fayarouz, tomato- Omniya, tomato- 036 and tomato- GS were obtained from El- Zahraa Farm, El- Salhia City, Sharkia governorate, Egypt. were cultivated under field conditions in Agriculture Faculty, Zagazig University, Egypt. These diagnoses will help us in developing susceptible commercial tomato cultivars by transferring specific resistant factors from resistant tomato cultivars and this will be useful in pest management programs against T. So, the present study aimed to characterize the susceptible and resistant tomato cultivars using biochemical and molecular determination. Resistance levels of some tomato cultivars to the tested insect pest have been previously characterized by some authors ( Gharekhani and Salek-Ebrahimi, 2014a, Gharekhani and Salek-Ebrahimi, 2014b Ghaderi et al., 2017). absoluta infestation and using in plant breeding programs. Because of stated above, screening for tolerant/ resistant tomato cultivars to T. As a result, it was found a development of resistance in the tested insect pest to these synthetic insecticides. absoluta with high populations in Egypt, where the appropriate climate, it controlled with different insecticides with high dosages ( Mohammed, 2015). absoluta larvae feed on the mesophyll of aerial parts of host plants, mining the leaves, stems, apics, flowers and fruits ( Miranda et al., 1998), leading to heavy losses, the traditional management strategies are not efficiently developed (Caparros Megido et al., 2013). While breeding tomato cultivars to get resistant cultivars is a valuable solution ( Hassanien et al., 2020). absoluta, was the major threats to tomato cultivations worldwide ( Desneux et al., 2011, Biondi et al., 2018, Mansour et al., 2018, Verheggen and Fontus, 2019). It’s infested with numerous insect pests and the destructive tomato leafminer, T. are the most economical crops all over the world ( Ingegno et al., 2017a, Ingegno et al., 2017b, EPPO, 2019). Respecting molecular diagnosis random amplified polymorphism DNA- polymerase chain reaction (RAPD- PCR), the results demonstrated that the presence of polymorphism in the resistant tomato cultivar (tomato- 86) compared with (tomato- GS), the most susceptible to the tested insect pest infestation. absoluta larvae was negative and highly significant. The correlation coefficient between tomato yield means and the infested fruit percentage with T. The correlation coefficient between total phenols and peroxidases in infested tomato leaves and percentages of damaged leaves with the tested insect pest was negative and highly significant, while in case of total proteins and reducing sugars in infested tomato leaves as well as lycopene contents in infested tomato fruits was positive, highly significant and significant, respectively. Also, native-(PAGE) for peroxidase (POD) isoenzymes techniques of the tested tomato cultivars showed variations in protein band numbers and densities in tomato-86 resistant compared with tomato-GS susceptible to Tuta absoluta infestation. Our results showed that there were variations highly significant in all biochemical constituents of the resistant tomato cultivar (tomato- 86) compared with the susceptible one (tomato- GS). The biochemical characters of the tested tomato cultivars (tomato- 86, tomato- Alissa, tomato- Fayarouz, tomato- Omniya, tomato- 036, tomato- GS) were determined colorimetrically and characterized by using native- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and agarose gel. Resistant plant cultivars which used in breeding programs are considered one of the modern integrated management programs to reduce the usage of synthetic insecticides and environmental contamination the present study aimed to characterize the resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars to Tuta absoluta based on biochemical and molecular levels, in Egypt.
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